When people discuss the Greenland agreement, I get the impression that the debate often revolves more around Donald Trump’s statements than around what the governments actually signed. The distinction is important in this case. On 13 October, Trump once again…
Cloud, intelligenza artificiale e sovranità europea: il nuovo terreno di confronto con gli Stati Uniti Le dichiarazioni dell’ambasciatore americano presso l’Unione europea, Andrew Puzder, sul progetto europeo di regolamentazione del cloud e dell’intelligenza artificiale mi sembrano particolarmente interessanti, soprattutto se…
La coercizione economica sta diventando una presenza stabile nelle relazioni internazionali. È utile leggerla a partire da uno studio pubblicato dal Parlamento europeo nel settembre 2026, che esamina 41 episodi di pressione economica sull’Unione europea tra il 2018 e il 2026.…
La vicenda delle limitazioni imposte a Starlink in Ucraina è significativa, anche perché mostra quanto il funzionamento delle moderne capacità militari dipenda ormai da infrastrutture che gli Stati non controllano direttamente. Il problema, in questo caso, riguarda la velocità dei droni,…
Quando si parla dell’accordo sulla Groenlandia, ho l’impressione che si finisca spesso per discutere delle dichiarazioni di Donald Trump più che di ciò che i governi hanno effettivamente sottoscritto. La differenza, in questo caso, non è marginale. Il 13 ottobre,…
Il Graham Act, la decisione di Trump del 9 ottobre 2026 e la politica delle deroghe 9 ottobre 2026 — Analisi giuridico-politica A distanza di appena tre settimane dalla promulgazione di una delle più incisive leggi statunitensi sulle sanzioni contro…
“I have the impression that, even if we handed political decision-makers today the newspaper from next year, many of them would not know what to do with it.” The remark is deliberately paradoxical, but it captures a real problem: the…
Il 1° dicembre 2025 l’Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite ha adottato la risoluzione 80/23 sui «Possible risks of the integration of artificial intelligence into command, control and communications systems of nuclear weapons». Il titolo delimita con precisione il problema: l’integrazione…
Congresso, Presidente ed evoluzione del diritto costituzionale statunitense in materia di politica commerciale Quando si parla di «dazi presidenziali», si finisce facilmente per dare per scontato proprio ciò che andrebbe chiarito: da dove viene il potere del Presidente di imporli?…
I dazi vengono spesso presentati come una deviazione rispetto a una condizione “normale” di libero scambio. Mi sembra una semplificazione che non regge il confronto con la storia economica. Per gran parte dell’età moderna e contemporanea, le tariffe doganali sono…
From IEEPA emergency tariffs to a multi-statute architecture The Supreme Court did not end the tariff era. It forced the administration to rebuild it on different legal foundations — and what emerged is, in some respects, more durable than what…
The United States’ tariffs on steel and aluminum under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 have evolved into one of the most significant examples of the growing interaction between trade policy, industrial policy and national security. What…
Cyber operations have become an increasingly important dimension of international security. They may disrupt critical infrastructure, interfere with public institutions, compromise classified information or affect essential services without crossing a territorial border in the traditional sense. For the European Union,…
Can performing at a state-sponsored concert amount to “support” for actions undermining Ukraine’s territorial integrity — enough to justify EU sanctions? The General Court’s judgment in Gagarina v Council (T-460/24), delivered on 16 September 2026, concerns the inclusion of Russian…
The document does not treat security as a self-contained policy field. Instead, security functions as a cross-cutting category connecting defence, borders, critical infrastructure, energy, democratic resilience, artificial intelligence, enlargement and economic policy. 1. European security and defence The clearest passage…
Germany did not win globalisation in general. It won a particular globalisation — one that handsomely rewarded countries willing to run persistent trade surpluses, hold wages down, starve domestic demand, and ride a real exchange rate that competitors locked inside the euro…
Germany’s New Defence-Oriented Counter-Intelligence Code The 2026 reform of the Militärischer Abschirmdienst (MAD), the German Military Counter-Intelligence Service, is not a merely technical amendment. It constitutes a comprehensive re-legislation of German military counter-intelligence law and represents one of the most significant transformations…
Germany is entering a decisive phase in the reform of its intelligence law. The debate is no longer limited to technical adjustments after constitutional litigation. It now concerns the future institutional role of the federal intelligence services, especially the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND),…
The Islamabad Memorandum of 2026 has been compared to the JCPOA — sometimes as its successor, sometimes as its replacement, sometimes as proof that diplomacy with Iran can work. The comparison is understandable but misleading. The two agreements differ in…
A recent Bank of Italy paper, China Shock 2.0: Structural Drivers and Implications for the Euro Area, argues that the post-pandemic surge in Chinese exports marks a new phase of competitive pressure on Europe. This is not simply a replay of…
Europe 2031 is one of the most stimulating contributions to the current debate on artificial intelligence, technological sovereignty, and Europe’s place in a rapidly changing geopolitical order. Written as a fictional scenario rather than a conventional policy report, it succeeds…
When discussing the strategic, operational, and tactical levels, the first mistake to avoid is treating them as three rigidly separated steps in a hierarchy. It is not enough to say that the strategic level is “more important,” the operational level…
What will still matter when intelligence becomes cheap? This is the central question at the heart of the forthcoming volume Messy Jobs by Luis Garicano, Jin Li, and Yanhui Wu. Much of the debate on artificial intelligence is framed around a simple…
Innovation is not the same thing as invention. Invention produces novelty; innovation transforms novelty into value. That transformation depends on an ecosystem: capital able to finance uncertainty, markets large enough to reward scale, institutions fast enough to enable experimentation, and…
A vocabulary used loosely In contemporary legal and political debate, five expressions are made to carry a great deal of weight and are frequently treated as interchangeable: national interest, national security, essential (or fundamental) security interests of the State, public…
ABSTRACT Strategic analysis keeps failing (Kabul, Kyiv, the late recognition that artillery and industrial capacity would decide the war) not because individuals err but because analytical systems don’t learn. Three interlocking failures explain it. Empirical: the field keeps no score. It rewards visibility…
The European Commission’s new Communication on European Tech Sovereignty marks a significant shift in the EU’s digital policy agenda, and one that I consider among the most consequential of this Commission’s term. The message is clear: Europe can no longer rely primarily…
Federico Fubini’s article on Donald Trump’s economic interventionism captures a crucial shift in contemporary capitalism. The phrase “a socialist in the White House” is rhetorically effective, but analytically imprecise — and getting the analysis right matters more than the rhetoric.…
For years, screening foreign investments for security risks was something EU Member States could do but were not required to do. That has now changed. The European Parliament has approved a reform that makes screening mandatory in sensitive sectors —…
What the IAA is After the Net-Zero Industry Act, the Critical Raw Materials Act, and the Chips Act, it would be easy to dismiss the Industrial Accelerator Act (IAA, COM(2026) 100 final) as one more entry in an already crowded…
On 30 September 1938, after returning from the Munich Conference, Neville Chamberlain addressed the British public first at Heston Aerodrome and later outside 10 Downing Street, where he declared that he believed it was ‘peace for our time. “This morning…
The adoption of an Italian National Security Strategy, defined by Article 5 of the Prime Ministerial Decree of 22 April 2026, marks a development I consider significant for the Italian security system. For the first time, Italy has a central…
The Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers of 22 April 2026 establishes the implementing regulation for Article 7-bis, paragraph 5, of Decree-Law No. 174 of 30 October 2015, concerning the management of crisis situations involving aspects of national security.…
The latest judicial setback for presidential tariff power did not come from the Supreme Court — and this is where the story, to me, becomes most interesting. It came from the U.S. Court of International Trade, in a case involving…
Financial markets are neither a casino nor a church — and understanding this is, I am increasingly convinced, essential for anyone who studies international law and national security. They are better understood as a distorted mirror in which human beings…
At a moment when international law is routinely described as ineffective, selective, or even obsolete, Not Dead Yet – International Law in an Age of Uncertainty offers a deliberately counter-intuitive intervention — one that, as a scholar of international law, I…
The United States supported China’s accession to the WTO primarily because policymakers believed it would advance three interrelated objectives — and understanding what those objectives were helps explain, I think, much of the disillusionment that followed. Yes, there is a…
Critical minerals are no longer a narrow industrial issue. They are a structural component of power — the material foundation of batteries, semiconductors, defence systems, and the energy transition. The Memorandum of Understanding signed on April 24 in Washington by…
Chiunque studi la sicurezza economica oggi si trova di fronte a una domanda fondamentale: quando l’interdipendenza economica diventa un’arma? “How to Fight an Economic War” di Edward Fishman affronta questa domanda direttamente, offrendo un’analisi lucida di come la globalizzazione si…
