The EU shift from sanctions adoption to criminal enforcement For many years, what I considered a structural weakness of EU sanctions policy lay in enforcement. Restrictive measures such as asset freezes, trade restrictions, export bans and prohibitions on services are…
Security Council resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1373 (2001) are frequently treated as two components of the same international counter-terrorism architecture. That is correct at a functional level, particularly in relation to terrorist financing and asset freezing. Legally, however, and this…
When lawyers speak of the “Italian sanctions authority”, the expression is convenient but potentially misleading. Italy does not entrust the implementation of international and European Union restrictive measures to a single administrative body. The national system is deliberately fragmented by…
The document does not treat security as a self-contained policy field. Instead, security functions as a cross-cutting category connecting defence, borders, critical infrastructure, energy, democratic resilience, artificial intelligence, enlargement and economic policy. 1. European security and defence The clearest passage…
The Islamabad Memorandum of 2026 has been compared to the JCPOA — sometimes as its successor, sometimes as its replacement, sometimes as proof that diplomacy with Iran can work. The comparison is understandable but misleading. The two agreements differ in…
When discussing the strategic, operational, and tactical levels, the first mistake to avoid is treating them as three rigidly separated steps in a hierarchy. It is not enough to say that the strategic level is “more important,” the operational level…
When U.S. Sanctions Meet EU Banking Rights: The CJEU’s Judgment in Jenec — Case C-81/24 On 11 June 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union delivered its judgment in Jenec, Case C-81/24, concerning access to basic banking services where a consumer…
A vocabulary used loosely In contemporary legal and political debate, five expressions are made to carry a great deal of weight and are frequently treated as interchangeable: national interest, national security, essential (or fundamental) security interests of the State, public…
Deterrence is one of those concepts that appears deceptively simple but reveals, on closer examination, a remarkable complexity. It refers to the ability to prevent an action through the threat of negative consequences. This mechanism appears in several contexts, including international politics, psychology, economics,…
Una delle sfide persistenti nello studio della sicurezza internazionale è capire come funzioni realmente l’architettura antiterrorismo delle Nazioni Unite — non in teoria, ma nella rete sovrapposta, talvolta ridondante, di organismi che si è sviluppata dal 2001. Le Nazioni Unite…
Sentenza della Corte (grande sezione) del 18 luglio 2013. Commissione europea e altri contro Yassin Abdullah Kadi. Cause riunite C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P e C-595/10 P.
SECURITY COUNCIL AL-QAIDA SANCTIONS COMMITTEE DELETES ENTRY OF YASIN ABDULLAH EZZEDINE QADI FROM ITS LIST Decision Taken Following Review of Delisting Request Submitted Through Office of the Ombudsperson On 5 October 2012, the Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee removed the…
